title

Chapter IV

Omission of Letters

     28.  The principle of omission of consonants and vowels as given in the English (Pre-Simplified) system may be followed.

certa
certa (certain)
  morto
morto (death)
  cigaro
cigaro (cigar)
 
firmo
firmo (firm)
  ĉarma
cxarma (charming)
  moderna
moderna (modern)
 
adverbo
adverbo (adverb)
  kolombo
kolombo (pidgeon, dove)
  facila
facila (easy)
 
lerni
lerni (to learn)
  servo
servo (service)
  fluida
fluida (fluid)
 
fermas
fermas (closes, shuts)
  admiri
admiri (to admire)
  teorio
teorio (theory)
 
eterna
eterna (eternal)
  demando
demando (question)
  serĉas
sercxas (seeks)
 

Expression of LD

     29.  Ld is written by raising the end of the l.

faldi
faldi (to fold)
heraldo
heraldo (herald)

Omission of Word Endings

     30.  The termination of the present tense in common verbs may be omitted.

donas
donas (gives)
amas
amas (loves)
venas
venas (comes)
iras
iras (goes)

     31.  In the past tense, the i of the termination is not written.

donis
donis (gave)
kantis
kantis (sang)
venis
venis (came)
pensis
pensis (thought)

     32.  In certain common adjectival roots, especially names of colors, etc., the termination may be omitted.

blua
blua (blue)
diligenta
diligenta (diligent)
flava
flava (yellow)
atenta
atenta (attentive)

     33.  The adverbial termination is not written, the context deciding as to the function of the word.

morto or morte
morto (death)
dense
dense (densely)
rapida or rapide
rapida, -e (quick, -ly)
dolĉe
dolcxe (sweetly)

General Exercise

birdoj
birdoj (birds)
  monato
monato (month)
  altaro
altaro (altar)
 
saldo
saldo (balance)
  ondo
ondo (wave)
  atente
atente (attentively)
 
ĝardeno
gxardeno (garden)
  apenaŭ
apenaux (barely)
  alarmo
alarmo (alarm)
 
ĉarniro
cxarniro (hinge)
  aŭtoro
auxtoro (author)
  moderna
moderna (modern)
 
germana
germana (German)
  karto
karto (map, card, menu)
  okulo
okulo (eye)
 
kurba
kurba (bent)
  perdas
perdas (loses)
  mondo
mondo (world)
 
vermo
vermo (worm)
  butiko
butiko (shop, store, boutique)
  monto
monto (mountain)
 
ŝildo
sxildo (sign-board; shield)
  maŝinaro
masxinaro (machinery)
  sukero
sukero (sugar)
 
karoto
karoto (carrot)
  pinĉilo
pencxilo (tongs)
  dezerto
dezerto (desert)
 
fervojo
fervojo (railroad)
  aŭdis
auxdis (heard)
  bruna
bruna (brown)
 
parenco
parenco (relative)
  vespero
vespero (evening)
  martiro
martiro (martyr)
 
festeno
festeno (feast)
  tenilo
tenilo (handle, knob)
  defendo
defendo (defense)
 
© Andrew Owen. All Rights Reserved.