Expressing R

     42.  The circles are written in the reverse direction to express the addition of R.

     At the beginning or end of straight strokes or between two straight strokes in the same direction.

     Between any horizontal and any upstroke.

     The reverse circle is turned into a loop to show the addition of S (the sign of the genitive of strong nouns).

     Between a downstroke and T, D, N, M; also between F, V, and K, G, NT.

     Between the straight downstrokes and L.  (From the second word given it will be seen that final B stands for the suffix BURG in proper names).

43.  The Prefix ZER

     The second form of Z represents the syllable ZER.  It is joined whenever possible but disjoined before a vowel or if a bad joining results.

     ZAR, ZÄR, are written as shown, alone or before T.

     DAR standing alone (as a separable prefix) is written to rule, but when it is actually prefixed to other words, it is written as shown above.

44.  -HALBEN

     The method of writing these words must be carefully noted.

45.  Omission of R

     The letter R is usually omitted from the syllables ER, AR, OR.

     Disjoined R represents the syllables EUR and ER affixed to word-signs, when the reversing principle cannot be used.

46.  Word-signs

     This is the last list of word-signs to be memorized.

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